Definition Of Cooperative Learning By Johnson And Johnson

The use of learning methodologies based on groups in higher engineering education has been supported by several studies that justify the application of cooperative learning johnson and johnson.

Definition of cooperative learning by johnson and johnson. In formal cooperative learning groups the teachers role includes see figure 4. Johnson johnson and holubec 1993 state that in cooperative learning students can maximize their own and each other s learning when they work together. According to johnson and johnson s meta analysis students in cooperative learning settings compared to those in individualistic or competitive learning settings achieve more reason better gain higher self esteem like classmates and the learning tasks more and have more perceived social support. Johnson and johnsons have also contributed a lot in defining the cooperative learning terminology.

To learn the assigned material and make sure that all other members of their group do likewise. Within cooperative learning groups students are given two responsibilities. Slavin 1996 argues that a critical element of cooperative learning is group team. 1991 cooperative learning is an educational t oo l in which small groups of students work together to increase individual as well as group member learning.

According t o johnson et al. In cooperative learning situations students perceive that they can reach their learning goals only if the other students in the learning. Johnson johnson holubec 1993. Johnson johnson smith 3 the power of cooperative learning lies in the interrelationship among social interdependence theory its validating research and the practical procedures for educators derived from the theory.

Students feel responsible for their own and the group s effort. For example critical thinking item refers to those items which require synthesis and analysis in addition with the evaluation of conceptual framework of each and every student in the group. Real expertise in using cooperative learning is gained by learning how to structure the five essential components into instructional activities johnson and johnson 1989a. Cooperative learning has received a lot of attention and praise especially since the 1990s when johnson and johnson outlined the five basic elements that allowed successful small group learning.